The US film censorship system has a notable large gap between the PG-13 rating and the R rating which would called a 17A in UK terms. There is clearly a need for a rating around the 15 level.
A New York cinema has made the news this week by overriding the MPAA rating for a couple of films that would occupy this 15 rated middle ground. Film ratings are voluntary in the US, so they are legally allowed to do this.
IFC Center, a major independent cinema has decided to defy the MPAA's R ratings for the documentary on Ed Snowden by Laura Poitras, Citizenfour , and for Richard Linklater's film Boyhood . The cinema announced the decision on notices
as follows:
While the MPAA has assigned BOYHOOD a rating of R, recommending that no one under 17 be admitted without a parent or guardian, IFC Center feels that the film is appropriate viewing for mature adolescents. Accordingly, the theater will admit high school
age patrons at its discretion.
For comparison the BBFC rated both films 15 as follows:
Boyhood. Passed 15 uncut for strong language, sex references, drug use for:
Citizenfour. Passed 15 uncut for strong language for:
BBFC advised category cuts were made for UK cinema and home video releases of Paul WS Anderson's Pompeii .
The BBFC commented at the time of the cinema release:
This work was originally seen for advice. The company was advised that the film was likely to receive a 15 certificate but that their preferred 12A classification could be achieved by making some changes.
The company was advised:
to reduce stronger moments of violence where there was a dwelling on particular acts and
to reduce the emphasis on blood on bladed weapons.
When the film was formally submitted, changes had been made which addressed these concerns. Consequently, the film was passed 12A.
Now Movie-Censorship.com reveals that the BBFC advised category cuts were adopted for US PG-13 rated release and also for FSK 12 rated release in Germany. Presumably the BBFC cuts therefore apply worldwide.
BBFC advised category cuts similarly found there way into the worldwide Theatrical Version of Brett Ratner's Hercules . But at least in this case there was an Extended Version released on US Blu-ray which restored the cuts. The Extended Version is
MPAA Unrated in the US but has not been released in the UK.
MPAA officials and studio executives have announced the launch of WhereToWatch.com website touting that it will provide a place to find legal options to buy, rent, stream or watch films.
We connect you directly to content sites that provide every option available to buy, rent or stream the title you're looking for, MPAA Chairman-CEO Chris Dodd said in a blog post . Provide a zip code and we'll provide you with show times and
locations for movies in theaters nearby. You can watch trailers and check out behind-the-scenes features produced by our online magazine, The Credits.
The films featured are available through 30 sites. Among them are big sites like iTunes, Amazon and Hulu and smaller sites like SnagFilms and WolfeOnDemand.
The Hobbit: the Desolation of Smaug [Extended Edition] is a 2013 USA/New Zealand fantasy adventure by Peter Jackson.
Starring Ian McKellen, Martin Freeman and Richard Armitage.
About an hour into The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug , there's a scene that takes place between Elvenking Thranduil (Lee Pace) and his son Legolas (Orlando Bloom) where they're interrogating a captured Orc.
Thranduil ends up killing the Orc by brutally taking off his head. As the camera pulls back on the scene you can see the Orc's lifeless body twitching in its last moments of life until Thranduil steps on his foot to make him stop.
On the Blu-Ray commentary director Peter Jackson refers to the Orc's appendage as the R-rated twitching foot:
When the film went to the MPAA, the thing that they were most concerned about was the twitching leg
Jackson was intent on leaving the scene in the film and the film was awarded the required PG-13 for extended sequences of intense fantasy action violence, and frightening images.
In the UK, the BBFC likewise passed the film 12 uncut for moderate violence, threat. The same rating applied to both the Theatrical Version and the Extended Edition.
But for the home video the distributors in the UK were not quite so wound up by the possibility of a higher rating.
The Extended Edition has been released with a 15 certificate, not because of the 12 rated main feature, but because of one of the extras being 15 rated: The Hobbit: The Desolation Of Smaug - Extended Edition - Business Of The State The Master's
Chambers [Additional Material]
UK: The main feature was passed 12 uncut for moderate violence, threat for, but the disks have gone out with a 15 rating for:
2014 Warner [2D + 3D Extended Version] Bookend Edition R0 Blu-ray at UK Amazon
released on 3rd November 2014
2014 Warner [2D + 3D Extended Version] Steelbook R0 Blu-ray at UK Amazon
released on 3rd November 2014
2014 Warner [2D + 3D Extended Version] R0 Blu-ray at UK Amazon
released on 3rd November 2014
2014 Warner [Extended Version] R1 DVD at UK Amazon
released on 3rd November 2014
Ludicrous academics claim that the more we experience, the less our opinions are worth. In every other aspect of life, the more we experience, the better we are able to judge.
Parents can become less sensitive to violence and sex in movies after watching only a few scenes with disturbing content, according to a study published in Pediatrics that was conducted by researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center.
Parents viewed three brief pairs of movie scenes featuring either violent or sexual content. After seeing the first movie clip, the parents thought the minimum age on average to see a movie with that content should be 16.9 years old for violence or 17.2
years old for sex. After watching the sixth and final scene, the parents were more willing to let younger teens see the movies, 13.9 years for violence and 14 years for sex -- lowering the minimum age by three years or more.
Dan Romer, associate director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) and the study's lead author said:
We know these scenes are somewhat disturbing to parents. When they first see them, they say you shouldn't let someone younger than 17 see them -- which is comparable to an R rating. But they get more and more accepting of that content as they're watching
it.
The study Parental Desensitization to Violence and Sex in Movie s, will be published in the November 2014 issue of Pediatrics. The findings were based on an online survey of 1,000 parents who have children from ages 6 to 17. The movie
scenes came from popular films targeted at youth (PG-13), rated R (under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian) or unrated in DVD versions.
The study comes as scenes of sex and violence become more prevalent in movies aimed at youth. A 2013 study in Pediatrics from APPC researchers showed that the amount of violence in PG-13 movies tripled in the most popular movies since 1985. That study
also found that the amount of gun violence in popular PG-13 movies in 2012 actually exceeded that in popular R-rated movies. Another APPC study in Pediatrics in 2013 found that movie violence was associated with sex and alcohol use as often in PG-13 as
R-rated movies.
The possible effect on movie raters
The authors noted that people who rate movies for the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), who are themselves parents, could be subject to the same desensitization and thus more likely to be lenient when it comes to evaluating the
appropriateness of such content for children. The study said this effect could help to explain the ratings creep that has allowed more violence into films aimed at youth.
Parents in the study viewed scenes from six of these eight movies: 8 Mile (2002, rated R); Casino Royale (2006, PG-13); Collateral (2004, R); Taken 2 (2012, PG-13); Die Hard (1988, R); Live Free or Die Hard (2007, unrated DVD);
The Terminator (1984, R); and Terminator Salvation (2009, PG-13).
Pride is a 2014 UK comedy drama by Matthew Warchus.
Starring Bill Nighy, Imelda Staunton and Dominic West.
U.K. gay activists work to help miners during their lengthy strike of the National Union of Mineworkers in the summer of 1984.
BBFC: Passed 15 uncut for strong language, sex references
MPAA: Rated R for language and brief sexual content.
Pride has been hailed by critics, winning acclaim at the Cannes Film Festival, but a film about gay activists who raised money to help South Wales families during the 1984 miners' strike has received a US rating pretty much in line with that of the UK
The Motion Picture Association of America has ruled the film was R rated, which would be noted as 17A in the UK (ie cinema customers have to be 17 and over to watch it in their own right, but there are no age restrictions for children accompanied by an
adult).
Gay activist Peter Tatchell was offended by the R rating, or perhaps offended by the fact that the USA simply doesn't have a rating between its 13 and 17 ratings. He said:
It is outrageous, knee-jerk homophobia. There's no significant sex or violence in Pride to justify strong ratings.
The American classification board seems to automatically view any film with even the mildest gay content as unfit for people under 17.
On its website, the BBFC explains its 15 rating of Stephen Beresford's film as being based on occasional strong language and some scenes with sexual references. One shows men in a gay club wearing 'bondage' clothing .
Of course if people think that the BBFC rating of 15 is about right then it is inevitable and correct that it should be R in the US.
On the other hand perhaps the BBFC rating is harsh too. Other international ratings awarded so far are:
As a producer of one of the handful of NC-17 films ever made, Lucky Bastard, I can tell you it's like the guys on Jackass finding out what happens when you get kicked in the nuts: Yes, it hurts like hell.
Can you point to any decent action in a recent big-budget American movie? Action that isn't edited to ribbons so that it looks like a bunch of fuzzy arms and legs flying across the screen in a spasmodic flurry of movement?
Boyhood is a 2014 USA drama by Richard Linklater.
Starring Ellar Coltrane, Patricia Arquette and Ethan Hawke.
US : Rated R (17A) for language including sexual references, and For teen drug and alcohol use.
UK : Rated 15 uncut for strong language, sex references, drug use
The USA lacks a rating for mid teens. There is a PG-13 rating for young teens but the next step is an R rating which is in UK terms a 17A rating. So movies that are 15 rated in the UK have to be overrated with a 17 rating in the US. It is often
cited as a criticism of the US system that something as trivial as a couple of 'fucks' tips a movie from a 13 rating to a 17 rating. One such example is Richard Linklater's Boyhood.
Richard Linklater's Boyhood was given an R-rating, despite the fact that it quite realistically charts the growth of a contemporary suburban child up until his college years. Naturally, the MPAA wants to protect any kid who might actually
watch something that, critics say, accurately depicts their own lives. But distributor IFC Films isn't having it.
In response to the R-rating, IFC tweeted about Boyhood , which is playing at the IFC Center in New York, as well as five other locations:
Though the MPAA has rated BOYHOOD R, we feel the film is appropriate for mature adolescents & will be admitting teenagers at our discretion. --- IFC Center (@IFCCenter) July 11, 2014
The indie film from director Richard Linklater follows a young boy named Mason, who makes it through a rocky childhood with an alcoholic father (Ethan Hawke) and, eventually, a single mother (Patricia Arquette) as he attempts to define his
identity over the course of twelve years. Boyhood carries an R-rating attached to crude language, including sexual references, and teen drug and alcohol usage. There are several implications of spousal abuse as well as domestic unrest, which are
no doubt intense for the viewer. Which is sort of the point: it's almost as if the MPAA is penalizing Linklater's movie for being honest.
The Expendables 3 is a 2014 USA action adventure thriller by Patrick Hughes.
Starring Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham and Jet Li.
Barney and his team, known as "The Expendables", come into conflict with ruthless arms dealer Conrad Stonebanks, the Expendables' co-founder, who is determined to destroy the team.
US: Cut for an MPAA PG-13 for violence including intense sustained gun battles and fight scenes, and for language.
Collider reports:
Collider.com learned from sources that the film just squeaked by the MPAA with a PG-13 rating, and they had to make trims to get there after the first pass was given an R.
Knowing the first cut was rated R, probably means an unrated version of The Expendables 3 will be released on Blu-ray.
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is a 2013 USA comedy fantasy adventure by Ben Stiller.
With Ben Stiller, Kristen Wiig and Adam Scott.
A day-dreamer escapes his anonymous life by disappearing into a world of fantasies filled with heroism, romance and action. When his job along with that of his co-worker are threatened, he takes action in the real world embarking on a global
journey that turns into an adventure more extraordinary than anything he could have ever imagined.
The BBFC advised cuts for a PG rated cinema release in 2013. Now movie-censorship.com
is reporting that this version cut on advice of the BBFC has now been released in Germany and the US (and probably worldwide)
UK: Passed PG for infrequent moderate violence, mild language and sex references after BBFC advised cuts for category for:
This work was originally seen for advice. The company was advised that the film was likely to receive a 12A rating but that their preferred PG rating could be achieved by making limited changes, including:
to remove sight of naked female pin-up pictures and
to reduce violent threat in a fight scene.
When an edited version of the film was submitted for formal classification, these scenes had been addressed and the film was consequently rated PG.
The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) has banned the latest teaser poster for Terry Gilliam's The Zero Theorem .
The reason for the censorship is a fully exposed backside, although it's not exactly prominently highlighted in the design.
Gilliam took to his Facebook page to comment on the ban:
Zero Theorem off to a good start in the US thanks to the Motion Picture Association of America's censors. They have banned our teaser poster because of a bare butt. Your thoughts, please.
Kevin Costner has persuaded the CARA appeals board to down rate his upcoming drama Black and White f rom R to
PG-13.
The film is now rated PG-13 for brief strong language, thematic material involving drug use and drinking, and for a fight, the MPAA's Classification and Rating Administration announced.
Written and directed by Mike Binder, the independent film stars Costner as a widowed grandfather who becomes embroiled in a custody battle over his biracial granddaughter, whom he has raised since birth, when the girl's paternal grandmother
(Octavia Spencer) surfaces. Costner is also producing the film.
Tracers is a 2014 USA action film by Daniel Benmayor.
Starring Taylor Lautner, Marie Avgeropoulos and Rafi Gavron.
Summary Notes
Wanted by the mafia, a new York City bike messenger escapes into the world of parkour after meeting a beautiful stranger.
The film was originally rated R for some violence by the MPAA in May 2014.
The producers wanted a PG-13 and appealed the MPAA decision. The appeal was successful and the CARA appeals board re-rated the film PG-13 for some intense violence, perilous action, sexual content and language.
CARA chairman Joan Graves represented the ratings board while Tracers' post production producer Nancy Kirhoffer and stunt coordinator/second unit director Gary Powell represented the appellant.
Film Rating Advisors Inc (FRA) is a consulting company backed by former MPAA raters, that has just launched this month to work with filmmakers to get the MPAA ratings they desire.
FRA co-founders Howard Fridkin and Barry Freeman offer their combined 23 years of MPAA experience, which includes the rating of more than 15,000 films. By viewing a film prior to its MPAA screening, FRA is able to assess any potential ratings issues in
detail, then work closely with the filmmaker to trim the scenes to prevent more substantial edits that might occur from an unexpected rating. Fridkin said:
Often, filmmakers are completely surprised by the MPAA and their opinion on what constitutes suitable material for a particular age group. The need to reshoot can be cost prohibitive, while these suggested edits can detract from the director's vision.
However, Barry and I, having been longtime raters, are able to catch these 'issues' early on. We can prevent the need for heavy-handed editing as a result of what the filmmaker perceives as a mis-rated film.
Black and White is a 2014 USA drama by Mike Binder.
Starring Kevin Costner, Gillian Jacobs and Jennifer Ehle.
The movie was rated R by the MPAA for brief strong language. But the producers were not impressed and are intending to appeal to the C.A.R.A. Appeals board, presumably wanting a PG-13.
The Raid 2 is a 2014 Indonesia action crime thriller by Gareth Evans.
Starring Iko Uwais, Julie Estelle and Yayan Ruhian.
US: Uncut and MPAA R rated for:
2014 Sony Pictures Home Entertainment RA Blu-ray at US Amazon
released on 8th July 2014
2014 Sony Pictures Home Entertainment R1 DVD at US Amazon
released on 8th July 2014
US Censorship History
The home video release is the cut R rated version.
The film is being released uncut outside of the US.
Promotional Material
Following immediately after the events of THE RAID, Rama (Iko Uwais) is forced to reinvent himself as an undercover cop in order to provide protection for his wife and child. Working for the anti-corruption taskforce led by the one
person he can trust, Bunawar, he is given a mission to engage himself as an enforcer for a local mob boss, Bangun. Finding a way in through Bangun's son Uco, Rama must hunt for information linking Bangun with police force corruption. All the while, he
harbors a dangerous and personal vendetta for revenge and justice that threatens to consume him - and bring both this mission and the organized crime syndicates crashing down.
Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell is a 1974 UK horror film by Terence Fisher
With Peter Cushing, Shane Briant and Madeline Smith.
Cut by the BBFC for cinema release. Then further cut for a US R rating. All home video version were cut to some extent until 2014 when an uncut restored version was released
UK: The restored uncut version was passed 15 uncut for strong gore, horror for:
2014 ICON Entertainment [Restored + R rated Versions] RB Blu-ray/R2 DVD Combo at UK Amazon
See the pictorial cuts
for the US version used for all UK and US DVD releases prior to the restored version
The MPAA almost banned the documentary Fed Up poster. The artwork featured red and blue M&Ms branded with the letters F and U.
The documentary claims that fast food and junk food industries exploit Americans at the expense of their health,
Fed Up, produced by Laurie David and Katie Couric, with commentary from Bill Clinton and Michael Pollan, hits theaters -- with the original artwork -- on May 9.
The Raid 2 is a 2014 Indonesia action crime thriller by Gareth Evans.
With Iko Uwais, Julie Estelle and Yayan Ruhian.
In an interview with Hypable, director Gareth Evens has provided a few more details about what was cut for an MPAA R rating:
Hypable : After seeing this finished version of the film and the previous unrated cut at Sundance, I barely noticed any changes. How were you able to get through the MPAA ratings board with so few changes?
Gareth Evans: We were very lucky because the changes were minimal. We did make some changes but they're so subtle like cutting a couple of frames here and there. Also, there were some issues with Hammer Girl where she impacts to the flesh. Impacts
to the flesh are okay but impacts to the flesh and dragging the body are not. I trimmed here and there and thankfully you didn't notice, which is great for me.
The Other Woman is a 2014 USA comedy by Nick Cassavetes.
Starring Cameron Diaz, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau and Kate Upton.
Cameron Diaz, represented her upcoming movie The Other Woman successfully appealed the MPAA's Classification and Rating Appeals Board to overturn its initial R rating for some sexual references.
The film is now rated PG-13 for mature thematic material, sexual references and language.
As a comparison the film was passed 12A uncut in the UK for infrequent strong language, moderate sex references.
While speaking to a group of reporters on the red carpet about The Other Woman, Diaz said:
It's really unfortunate that [members of the ratings board] see things that women do a little bit more strict -- they judge us a little bit more than they do men. A lot of the things that they're judging -- like we say, 'You need to close your vagina.'
Like, you can't say 'vagina' ... What's wrong with a vagina? Guys make reference to their parts all the times nowadays without getting the R rating.
The steamy Danish drama Nymphomaniac: Volume 1 hits US multiplexes in limited release Friday.
Distributor Magnolia submitted the sexually-graphic Nymphomaniac to the Motion Picture Association of America ratings board earlier this year, and unsurprisingly it came back with an NC-17. Instead of submitting to the MPAA's edit suggestions for
an R rating, Magnolia decided to release the film unrated. Magnolia's sr. vice-president of marketing and publicity Matt Cowal told TheWrap:
It's not a huge distinction. But we went this route rather than accept the restrictions on promotions and marketing materials that an NC-17 would require.
In the last five years, more than 1,000 movies have been released without a rating, while only three have gone out with an NC-17. The most recent prior to Blue is the Warmest Color was William Friedkin's Killer Joe , which
grossed almost $2 million in 2012; the top-grossing was Steve McQueen's Shame , which grossed $3.9 million in 2011.
So while many exhibitors shy away from unrated fare, Magnolia will turn to independents and smaller chains for screens when it expands over the next few weeks.
The critics have been impressed but at this point no one expects Nymphomaniac to run up major grosses.
The Raid 2 is a 2014 Indonesia action crime thriller by Gareth Evans.
With Iko Uwais, Julie Estelle and Yayan Ruhian.
Following in the footsteps of the popular original, The Raid , the sequel has also suffered brief cuts for a US R rating from the MPAA.
Director Gareth Evans tweeted the news:
For folks in the US, The Raid 2 has just been rated R. And in all honesty the few cuts we made are so minimal. We are literally talking frames - and not too many of them. I'm fucking happy.
Movie-Censorship is reporting that Germany is set to release the uncut version rather than a US R rated version. Hopefully the same will apply to other European releases.
Troma's War is a 1998 US action adventure by Michael Herz & Lloyd Kaufman. With Carolyn Beauchamp, Sean Bowen and Rick Washburn.
It was massively cut in the US to achieve an R rated theatrical release. This version was released on VHS in the UK without further cuts. However the BBFC cut the Director's Cut for 1992 cinema release. The Director's Cut is available uncut on
US DVD.
Lloyd Kaufman was not impressed with the massive MPAA cuts. He explains:
Troma's War is a very underrated movie, and it got totally fucked by the MPAA . Richard Heffner , who just made a noise like a frog and was president of the MPAA, told Michael Herz over the phone that our movie stunk. The MPAA is not supposed
to do that, and they disemboweled our movie. They took out punches and jokes and things that were perfectly acceptable in movies like Die Hard . I think Heffner's words were "No fuckin good, or something. It was very unpleasant.
Our violence is, as you know, cartoon violence. That movie followed The Toxic Avenger and Class of Nuke 'Em High , so we had built up some steam. But the only way we could get into movie theaters in 1986 was with an R rating. And the film was
cut down to something like a G-rated movie. I'm very bitter about it; I hope Dr. Heffner burns in hell, quite frankly. And I don't like to speak ill of the dead, but the nerve, the arrogance, the hubris of his comments!
When director Paul Verhoeven submitted his cut to the MPAA for certification, they weren't at all ready to pass it with the R rating he and Orion Pictures wanted. Scenes such as the melting of Paul McCrane's character, Emil, in a vat of
toxic waste, and the gunning down of an OCP board member by the ED-209 enforcement droid, required pruning to push it down from an X.
Verhoeven resubmitted it repeatedly with fragments shorn off here and there -- somewhere between 12 and 17 times -- until it was finally passed as R. He maintains that the cuts actually rendered the film's violence more disturbing than the
over-the-top kind in his original edit, which was restored in its gruesome entirety for an unrated home entertainment reissue.
Draft Day is a 2014 USA sport drama by Ivan Reitman.
With Kevin Costner, Jennifer Garner and Tom Welling.
Draft Day , the upcoming football flick directed by Ivan Reitman and starring Kevin Coster, was initially given an R rating for brief strong language by the MPAA, but rather than trimming the film or accepting the R, Reitman and
Lionsgate successfully appealed the rating.
The film, about a general manager (Costner) who trades for the No. 1 pick and has the onerous task of saving football in his city, now bears a PG-13 rating for brief strong language and sexual references.
Lionsgate and the MPAA declined to provide details on the appeal. Draft Day will open April 11.
Parents can become less sensitive to violence and sex in movies after watching only a few scenes with disturbing content, according to a study published in Pediatrics that was conducted by researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center.
God The Father is a 2014 USA documentary by Simon Fellows. 
The Expendables 3 is a 2014 USA action adventure thriller by Patrick Hughes. 
Kevin Costner has persuaded the CARA appeals board to down rate his upcoming drama Black and White f rom R to
PG-13.
Eva Green is just too sexy for the poster of her upcoming sequel to Sin City , or so the MPAA believes.
Update: Censored version
Black and White is a 2014 USA drama by Mike Binder. 
The MPAA almost banned the documentary Fed Up poster. The artwork featured red and blue M&Ms branded with the letters F and U.
